Peace of Westphalia :: Ancient Rome Roman History

Peace of Westphalia The two treaties of Mà ¼nster and Osnabrà ¼ck, commonly known as the Peace of Westphalia, was the culminating element for the Holy Roman Empire in the Thirty Years' War. It established a final religious settlement and provided for new political boundaries for the German states of central Europe. The impact of the Peace of Westphalia was broad and long-standing, as it dictated the future of Germany and ex-territories of the Holy Roman Empire for some time to come. The Peace of Westphalia put down the Counter Reformation in Germany and instituted the final religious arrangement the German states had been crying for. It renewed the terms of the Peace of Augsburg, namely that each state of the Empire received the liberty to be either Lutheran or Catholic as it chose; no individual freedom of religion was permitted. If a ruler or a free city decided for Lutheranism, then all persons had to be Lutheran. Similarly in Catholic states all had to be Catholic. In addition to re-instituting the Peace of Augsburg in its traditional form, the Peace of Westphalia included Calvinism to Lutheranism and Catholicism as an acceptable faith. On the controversial issue of church territories secularized after 1552 the Protestants won a complete victory. With the advent of the Peace of Westphalia, the squabbling between Protestants and Catholics was finally put an end to. The Holy Roman Empire was officially dissolved with the Peace of Westphalia. This had been advanced with the drawing of internal religious frontiers in the days of Luther, although now it was confirmed. Borderlands of the Empire fell away. The Dutch and Swiss established themselves as independent, as did the United Provinces. The western frontier of the Empire was carved up among France, Sweden and the Dutch. France took control over three Lorraine bishoprics which they had occupied for a century. The Swedes received the bishoprics of Bremen and Verden and the western half of Pomerania, including the city of Stettin. Sweden enlarged its trans-Baltic possessions, and in addition claimed the mouths of the Oder, Elbe, and Weser rivers in Germany. The Dutch obtained only the mouths of the Rhine and the Scheldt. On the interior front of the Empire, both Brandenburg and Bavaria increased their statures. Brandenburg lay claim to eastern Pomerania, the large archbishopric of Magdeburg, and t wo smaller bishoprics. Bavaria received control of the Palatinate and a seat in the electoral college, increasing the Empire's electors to eight.

Psychology Essay

This required Portfolio assignment will provide you with the opportunity to practice and hone your research skills. It has been designed to help you think scientifically about real world problems and issues and to apply your knowledge of the research process to various topics in Psychology. This assignment accomplishes that goal by challenging you to: †¢ Differentiate between the common use of the word research and the use of the word research in the social and behavioral sciences †¢ Identify the major steps in the research process using a classic study in Psychology as an example. Part I: Defining Research The word research is used in many different ways. Consider the following examples: †¢ Your friend tells you that he intends to research different hair products before deciding on one to buy. †¢ A real estate agent advises you to research home values in your neighborhood before putting your house on the market. †¢ A police officer reports that she is doing ‘some research’ on possible motives for a crime that was committed. †¢ A writer states that he does ‘extensive research’ before beginning his fictional works. Answer the questions below: 1. How is research defined in the social and behavioral sciences? 2. What makes scientific research different from the examples provided above? In your response, be sure to address the characteristics of ‘good’ psychological research. Part II: Understanding the research process Researchers in Psychology follow a systematic process of investigation. Carefully read Chapter 2 of your textbook, paying special attention to the section on Experimental Research. Then go to Chapter 7 in your textbook and read the following section: Research In-Depth: Counterfactuals and â€Å"If Only†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Thinking. Answer the questions below, using Medvec & colleagues’ first study as an example: 1. What hypothesis did Medvec & colleagues set out to test in their first study of the ‘near miss’ phenomenon? Describe the theory associated with this hypothesis. 2. Identify the variables in the study and describe how they were measured. How did the researchers operationalize (test or measure) affective response upon winning a bronze or silver medal? 3. Who were the participants in the study and what did they do? 4. Describe the data that were collected and analyzed. 5. Describe the results of the study. What did the researchers conclude? 6. If you were to design a follow-up experiment on this subject, what might it be?

How Can We Be Happy Often We Find That Our Unhappiness

How can we be happy? Often we find that our unhappiness is the child of some others doing. Someone slighted in someway, or our failures are the direct result of another s actions. It seems as though every negative result in our life was at the hands of others. How can we possibly be happy when so many people cause us pain? Existentialism suggests that the true root of our sadness is not others doing but our own. Existentialism asks us to take control of our own life and understand that all of our action are truly our own. In essence, by taking control of our lives we are the ultimate deciders of our own destiny, and we can not help but be satisfied with the outcomes of our decisions because we are the ones who made them.†¦show more content†¦Once man comes to life, he has only his lifespan to decide his own meaning. So what is one’s life, if there is no meaning. How would one characterize the human life? To an existentialist a life is only the actions a man tak es, â€Å"a man is nothing but what he makes of himself† (Pojman, Vaughn 595). The essence of a man is simply their life. While that may seem obvious the implication is that we are defined by what we do, not what we believe or what we think we are a part of. In the words of Inez, â€Å"You are—your life, and nothing else† (Sartre 25). The responsibility to find our own meaning is a large one. Because we are only our lives, and there is nothing after, how can we make the best of this short period we have? Simply we must find what out what we want our lives to mean to us, and pursue that to the best of our ability. Finding your meaning requires you understand your true self. Who you really are, how you see yourself. What Sartre describes as â€Å"the gaze† is the theory that humans often see themselves how others see them. And thus one s self image is in fact the how the many see the one, and not how the one sees himself. The gaze makes you a slave to to others. One may feel a lack of freedom to do as they please out of fear that others may judge them. It’s painful. In No Exit, Estelle is tortured by the lack of mirrors in the room. She can only see herself through the literal and figurative eyes of Inez and Garcin.Show MoreRelatedHappiness Is The Most Common Misconception Of Happiness907 Words   |  4 Pagesdoes not want to be happy. We live every single day in hope to find happiness, which also known as pursuit of happiness. We strive to bring happiness in our life. Nonetheless, along the journey to find happiness, some people stumble and find themselves unhappy instea d. One might question why, but actually we all have different value and understanding to describe happiness. Therefore, we have our own unique approach to pursue happiness and there is no telling to the exact cause of our wrongs and errorsRead MoreInternational Differences Of Well Being1005 Words   |  5 Pagesthat I think is very important. We all have a wide range of different priorities and values. First, he chooses to define happiness: I use the word ‘happiness for a subjective state of mind, which I define as the overall appreciation of one s life-as-a-whole. Happiness is the ‘sum of pleasures and pains . Happiness in this sense is synonymous with ‘life satisfaction and ‘subjective well-being (Veenhoven 329). Veenhoven, then, breaks up the questions How universal is happiness into sub-questionsRead MoreSocrates, Plato, and Aristotels View on Happiness1529 Words   |  7 PagesWhat Is Happiness What is happiness, and how can one achieve true happiness? This is the ultimate question of life and what every person is seeking an answer to. 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Men in a civilization have the objective to be happy, but often face unhappinessRead More13 Conversations924 Words   |  4 Pagesof Happiness ​Ask yourself if you’re really happy and you might be surprised at what you find. Ask several people at various points in their lives and you will get a different answer. This is the premise behind the film â€Å"13 Conversations about One Thing†, a touching, poignant and in some moments, deeply philosophical film, directed by Jill Sprecher. The film interweaves five contemporary stories into a single narrative. It deals with the profound, often unintentional impact that people have on oneRead MoreThe Ethical Theory Of Utilitarianism1543 Words   |  7 Pageselse really matters except the happiness of creatures that can be happy. This is the distinction between acts that attempt to maximize the good (utility) and acts that seek to minimize harm. 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Instead, he constantly weights himself down with his own regrets and boredom with life. Vanya loves hisRead MoreEssay about Lets Fake Love1025 Words   |  5 PagesEmotions of love are of course a very natural and important part of life. Bu t it is the ideas of what love is and should be that vary in large degrees. These ideas, which begin shaping us from a very young age, are crucial to how we approach future intimate relationships. How were your images of love and romance were formed? When love is modeled in an unhealthy, impractical way it is misguided and will result in unrealistic expectations and ultimately unhappy relationships. As a direct result of

External Analysis On Nova Scotia - 1312 Words

External Analysis PEST: Political Factors: (2013 liberal platform) The Nova Scotian provincial government is aware of the situation it’s in and has been encouraging all citizens and municipal governments to take action. With the Liberal party’s success at the recent elections, there is going to be significant political change coming to Nova Scotia. Nova Scotia has been suffering economically and socially for the past three decades and the newly elected government are eager to introduce new solutions to help Nova Scotia recover and prosper. One of the changes focus on is implementing new regulations that will create a competitive environment for businesses to thrive in. Also they will be looking to retaining Nova Scotian talent. The liberal party has also promised to create an economic environment that will stimulate new sustainable jobs. Another important part of the Liberal party’s platform is their focus on helping Nova Scotian businesses and entrepreneurs, and also to improve the accountability for government and loans to business. Economic Factors: By analyzing the economic factors we can see that Nova Scotia’s economic growth was last among the Canadian provinces over the last two decades when measured as the total percentage increase of gross domestic product (GDP). In 2013, Nova Scotia’s GDP per capital was ninth out of the ten provinces, and it is expected to drop from about 943,000 to 878,000 by 2040, a 7% decline. -Implications for the Future: Nova Scotia’sShow MoreRelatedOverview Of The Current Technological Environment In Canadian Health1487 Words   |  6 Pagesrevolve around the current technological environment in provincial healthcare. 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(CML) Current Situational and Future Growth Opportunities Analysis By: Robyn Berg, CMA (1072063) For: Gordon Hoops Chris Mantha Executive Summary Introduction MCL has been operating successfully for decades, but as times change, now they are finding themselves in a situation which requires in mediate action. Situational Analysis Even though MCL is still profitable, the ratios calculated (Appendix 1) indicate

Human Trafficking Has Become A Meaningless Term `` By Noah...

In the article, Human Trafficking Has Become a Meaningless Term† by Noah Berlatsky, the author argues that human trafficking is not modern-day slavery, and that â€Å" politicians and activists often abuse it to push for punitive laws or to incite moral panic†. (Berlatsky) It is apparent that the author s agenda is to rationalize his position on legalizing prostitution by downplaying the reality of sex trafficking. For example, Berlatsky depicts human sex trafficking as a concept that politicians use to â€Å"portray themselves as defenders of the downtrodden, and generate laudatory press coverage.† He writes that, â€Å"Trafficking can also be used to make anti-prostitution laws seem compassionate rather than punitive.† (Berlatsky) However, sex trafficking is a real issue in the United States. According to the FBI, there are currently an estimated 293,000 American children at risk of being exploited and trafficked for sex. (Saar) Regardless of how politicians may use this fact to their benefit is not the point. To spin a tragic epidemic into a bureaucratic misrepresentation is abhorrent. The author also argues, â€Å"Young people who run away from abusive situations at home, and who sell sex to survive, are considered trafficking victims by default under many federal and state laws. This, despite the fact that hardly any teen runaways have pimps or traffickers.† Furthermore, he believes that, trafficking has become a new name for an

Introduction of the Working Process of Sand Production Line Free Essays

Thus , according to Henna Machinery Co. , Ltd. To develop much needed gravel industry , saw the opportunity , vigorously develop innovation and mining machinery and equipment upgrades . We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction of the Working Process of Sand Production Line or any similar topic only for you Order Now Henna Machinery Co. , Ltd. Can offer to develop a variety of stone production line according to customer requirements for engineering detailed stone and construction sand , stone crusher , Henna Machinery Co. Ltd. O develop a high degree of automation production lines , large crushing ratio , high production efficiency, capacity large, through the broken product without internal cracks , high compressive strength , in addition to equipment maintenance simplicity , the vulnerability of seniors to improve the current international high- strength wear-resistant materials , low loss and long service life , can bring considerable economic benefits to customers . Construction of buildings need a lot of sand , but the sand Is not the same quality requirements , artificial sand and natural and analogy, rough appearance and shape is the main difference between bad . Rough appearance and shape of the less round, pouring concrete for the activity caused adverse effects , such activity will result in poor open areas free of concrete being produced , it can be said sand maker directly affect the quality of the project . Therefore, the quality of the pros and cons of artificial sand should be mainly in rough shape and the appearance of circularity , In addition , artificial sand produced raw materials . S well as other synthetic material limitations are caused by the manufacturing industry will need to take it seriously and construction companies facing problems. Scientific management, advanced processing technology and innovative manufacturing theory make Foote Heavy Machinery become the exporting base of mobile crusher plant, wheel mobile Jaw crush er and famous grinding equipment In China. What Honoring has done is for the clients and we believe that quality Is the best way to develop market. Artificial sand looks rough and circularity poor , mainly determined by the production equipment. Look from the perspective of industry associations , artificial sand production as springing with the herd instinct of the phenomenon , and more practitioners lack of expertise , coupled with the technology behind sand making equipment sector produced only the interests of suppliers , appearing on the market a lot of poor quality and immature equipment , to the healthy development of the cause of the artificial sand brought severe consequences. Lu , president of those known to conquer the world , whether to do anything for a class of companies said the accused , he said, those companies producing equipment production efficiency is low, and capital consumption is amazing , is not mature production equipment. Therefore, any investment has risks , artificial sand is no exception investment , investors need to pay attention to , in addition to market demand and prospects , but also need to be there really enough expert advice. At present , China has some of the artificial sand equipment conduct of investment business prenatal training and after-sales service , to develop Henna Foote Machinery Co. , Ltd. On behalf of China†s artificial sand equipment production enterprise technologies level. Mobile quarry plant: http:// www. Chinatown. Com/pro/pap. HTML How to cite Introduction of the Working Process of Sand Production Line, Essays

Neoclassics Essay Example For Students

Neoclassics Essay Neoclassical, also known as, The Age of Reason and The Enlightenment was during 1660-1770. They exhibit strong tradition and ancient values from the classical writers of Rome and Greece. Who were thought to have achieved excellence in literary and ideas. Such as form, balance, discipline, restraint, unity, order and the use of tragedy, satire and epic. In their opinion, literature was a form of Art, therefor must be perfected by long study, practice and attention to details. The purpose of literature was to instruct the use of reason over emotion. They prefer society to the individual and public life over private. There are four major emphases in this age, firstly, emphasis on decorum, conventions and defined codes of behavior. Secondly, emphasis on moderation, and thirdly, characters type, humans were primarily subject matter of literature, therefor poetry was mere imitation of humans life, and finally, neoclassic poetry emphasizes on general rather than particular. They had rigid class system, women had no voice and children were unimportant. Believed in divine order, a rational and moral universe, and in constant human nature, overall effort towards stability. While the Romantics, from 1798 until 1832, emphasized a number of ideas that were a reaction against the proceeding Age of Reason. As Shelley stated, that the literature of the age has arisen as it were from a new birth. They concentrated on innovation rather than traditionalism in their material, forms and style of literature, and introduced symbolism. Wordsworth was one of the key poets in that age; his poetry was about his own feelings, spontaneous and genuine rather than a mirror of men in action, therefor concentrating on inner self and life but not society. In order to achieve that you have to be in solitude. They believed in the power of imagination vs. cold reasoning. They felt that both art and literature had become artificial, and that artists and writers should return to nature for inspiration. Emotions or feelings were the source of true moral guidance. They believed in individual liberty, and in people being true to themselves. And that the natural goodness in people could change society. But mostly they concentrated on inviting the reader to identify the protagonist with the poets